MISSISSIPPI LEGISLATURE

1999 Regular Session

To: Judiciary A

By: Representative Ford

AN ACT TO REENACT SECTIONS 91-7-47, 91-7-63, 91-9-9, 91-9-107 AND 93-13-15, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, WHICH AUTHORIZE TRUSTEES, EXECUTORS, GUARDIANS AND OTHER FIDUCIARIES TO PROMOTE COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS; TO AMEND REENACTED SECTIONS 91-7-47, 91-7-63, 91-9-9, 91-9-107 AND 93-13-15, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, TO EXTEND THE REPEALER DATE FROM JULY 1, 1999, TO JULY 1, 2000; TO AMEND SECTION 6, CHAPTER 589, LAWS OF 1994, TO DELETE THE REPEALER DATE OF JULY 1, 1999, IN CONFORMITY TO THE EXTENSION OF THE REPEALER DATE IN THE REENACTED CODE SECTIONS; AND FOR RELATED PURPOSES.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI:

SECTION 1. Section 91-7-47, Mississippi Code of 1972, is reenacted and amended as follows:

91-7-47. (1) Every executor or administrator with the will annexed, who has qualified, shall have the right to the possession of all the personal estate of the deceased, unless otherwise directed in the will; and he shall take all proper steps to acquire possession of any part thereof that may be withheld from him, and shall manage the same for the best interest of those concerned, consistently with the will, and according to law. He shall have the proper appraisements made, return true and complete inventories except as otherwise provided by law, shall collect all debts due the estate as speedily as may be, pay all debts that may be due from it which are properly probated and registered, so far as the means in his hands will allow, shall settle his accounts as often as the law may require, pay all the legacies and bequests as far as the estate may be sufficient, and shall well and truly execute the will if the law permit. He shall also have a right to the possession of the real estate so far as may be necessary to execute the will, and may have proper remedy therefor.

(2) In addition to the rights and duties contained in this section, he shall also have those rights, powers and remedies as set forth in Section 91-9-9. The provisions of this subsection shall stand repealed from and after July 1, 2002.

SECTION 2. Section 91-7-63, Mississippi Code of 1972, is reenacted and amended as follows:

91-7-63. (1) Letters of administration shall be granted by the chancery court of the county in which the intestate had, at the time of his death, a fixed place of residence; but if the intestate did not have a fixed place of residence, then by the chancery court of the county where the intestate died, or that in which his personal property or some part of it may be. The court shall grant letters of administration to the relative who may apply, preferring first the husband or wife and then such others as may be next entitled to distribution if not disqualified, selecting amongst those who may stand in equal right the person or persons best calculated to manage the estate; or the court may select a stranger, a trust company organized under the laws of this state, or of a national bank doing business in this state, if the kindred be incompetent. If such person does not apply for administration within thirty (30) days from the death of an intestate, the court may grant administration to a creditor or to any other suitable person.

(2) In addition to the rights and duties of the administrator contained in this chapter, he shall also have those rights, powers and remedies as set forth in Section 91-9-9. The provisions of this subsection shall stand repealed from and after July 1, 2002.

SECTION 3. Section 91-9-9, Mississippi Code of 1972, is reenacted and amended as follows:

91-9-9. (1) In addition to powers, remedies and rights which may be set forth in any will, trust agreement or other document which is the source of authority, a trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, or one acting in any other fiduciary capacity, whether an individual, corporation or other entity ("fiduciary") shall have the following powers, rights and remedies whether or not set forth in the will, trust agreement or other document which is the source of authority:

(a) To inspect, investigate or cause to be inspected and investigated, property held by the fiduciary, including interests in sole proprietorships, partnerships, or corporations and any assets owned by any such business enterprise, for the purpose of determining compliance with any environmental law affecting such property and to respond to any actual or potential violation of any environmental law affecting property held by the fiduciary;

(b) To take on behalf of the estate or trust, any action necessary to prevent, abate, or otherwise remedy any actual or potential violation of any environmental law affecting property held by the fiduciary, either before or after the initiation of an enforcement action by any governmental body;

(c) To refuse to accept property in trust if the fiduciary determines that any property to be donated or conveyed to the trust either is contaminated by any hazardous substance, or is being used or has been used for any activity directly or indirectly involving any hazardous substance, which could result in liability to the trust or otherwise impair the value of the assets held therein;

(d) To settle or compromise at any time any and all claims against the trust or estate which may be asserted by any governmental body or private party involving the alleged violation of any environmental law affecting property held in trust or in an estate;

(e) To disclaim any power granted by any document, statute, or rule of law which, in the sole discretion of the fiduciary, may cause the fiduciary to incur personal liability under any environmental law;

(f) To decline to serve as a fiduciary, if the fiduciary reasonably believes that there is or may be a conflict of interest between the fiduciary in its or his fiduciary capacity and in its or his individual capacity, because of potential claims or liabilities which may be asserted against the fiduciary on behalf of the trust or estate due to the type or condition of assets held therein.

(2) An administrator, executor, guardian or conservator is not relieved under this chapter from obtaining court approval for any actions which otherwise are required to be approved by a court.

(3) The fiduciary shall be entitled to charge the cost of any inspection, investigation, review, abatement, response, cleanup, or remedial action authorized herein against the income or principal of the trust or estate. A fiduciary shall not be personally liable to any beneficiary or other party for any decrease in value of assets in trust or in an estate by reason of the fiduciary's compliance or efforts to comply with any environmental law, specifically including any reporting requirement under such law. Neither the acceptance by the fiduciary of property or a failure by the fiduciary to inspect or investigate property shall be deemed to create any inference as to whether there is or may be any liability under any environmental law with respect to such property.

(4) For purposes of this section, "environmental law" means any federal, state, or local law, rule, regulation, or ordinance relating to protection of the environment or human health. For purposes of this section, "hazardous substances" means any substance defined as hazardous or toxic or otherwise regulated by any environmental law.

(5) A fiduciary in its or his individual capacity shall not be considered an owner or operator of any property of the trust or estate for the purposes of any environmental law.

(6) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the fiduciary is subject at all times to the provisions of the Prudent Man Standard in all its dealings.

(7) The provisions of this section shall stand repealed from and after July 1, 2002.

SECTION 4. Section 91-9-107, Mississippi Code of 1972, is reenacted and amended as follows:

91-9-107. (1) From time of creation of the trust until final distribution of the assets of the trust, a trustee has the power to perform, without court authorization, every act which a prudent man would perform for the purposes of the trust, including but not limited to:

(a) The powers specified in subsection (3) of this section, and

(b) Those powers, rights and remedies set forth in Section 91-9-9, related to compliance with environmental laws affecting property held by fiduciaries. The provisions of this paragraph (b) shall stand repealed from and after July 1, 2002.

(2) In the exercise of his powers, including the powers granted by this article, a trustee has a duty to act with due regard to his obligation as a fiduciary.

(3) A trustee has the power, subject to subsections (1) and (2):

(a) To collect, hold and retain trust assets received from a trustor until, in the judgment of the trustee, disposition of the assets should be made; and the assets may be retained even though they include an asset in which the trustee is personally interested;

(b) To receive additions to the assets of the trust;

(c) To continue or participate in the operation of any business or other enterprise, and to effect incorporation, dissolution or other change in the form of the organization of the business or enterprise;

(d) To acquire an undivided interest in a trust asset in which the trustee, in any trust capacity, holds an undivided interest;

(e) To invest and reinvest trust assets in accordance with the provisions of the trust or as provided by law;

(f) To deposit trust funds in a bank, including a bank operated by the trustee;

(g) To acquire or dispose of an asset, for cash or on credit, at public or private sale; and to manage, develop, improve, exchange, partition, change the character of, or abandon a trust asset or any interest therein; and to encumber, mortgage or pledge a trust asset for a term within or extending beyond the term of the trust, in connection with the exercise of any power vested in the trustee;

(h) To make ordinary or extraordinary repairs or alterations in buildings, improvements or other structures; to demolish any improvements; to raze existing or erect new party walls, buildings or improvements;

(i) To subdivide, develop or dedicate land to public use; or to make or obtain the vacation of plats and adjust boundaries; or to adjust differences in valuation on exchange or partition by giving or receiving consideration; or to dedicate easements to public use without consideration;

(j) To enter for any purpose into a lease as lessor or lessee with or without option to purchase or renew for a term within or extending beyond the term of the trust;

(k) To enter into a lease or arrangement for exploration and removal of minerals or other natural resources, or enter into a pooling or unitization agreement;

(l) To grant an option involving disposition of a trust asset, or to take an option for the acquisition of any asset;

(m) To vote a security, in person or by general or limited proxy;

(n) To pay calls, assessments and any other sums chargeable or accruing against or on account of securities;

(o) To sell or exercise stock subscription or conversion rights; to consent, directly or through a committee or other agent, to the reorganization, consolidation, merger, dissolution or liquidation of a corporation or other business enterprise;

(p) To hold a security in the name of a nominee or in other form without disclosure of the trust, so that title to the security may pass by delivery, but the trustee is liable for any act of the nominee in connection with the stock so held;

(q) To insure the assets of the trust against damage or loss, and the trustee against liability with respect to third persons;

(r) To borrow money to be repaid from trust assets or otherwise; to advance money for the protection of the trust and for all expenses, losses and liability sustained in the administration of the trust or because of the holding or ownership of any trust assets, for which advances with any interest the trustee has a lien on the trust assets as against the beneficiary;

(s) To pay or contest any claim; to settle a claim by or against the trust by compromise, arbitration or otherwise; and to release, in whole or in part, any claim belonging to the trust to the extent that the claim is uncollectible;

(t) To pay taxes, assessments, compensation of the trustee, and other expenses incurred in the collection, care, administration and protection of the trust;

(u) To allocate items of income or expense to either trust income or principal, as provided by law, including creation of reserves out of income for depreciation, obsolescence or amortization, or for depletion in mineral or timber properties;

(v) To pay any sum distributable to a beneficiary under legal disability, without liability to the trustee, by paying the sum to the beneficiary or by using same for his benefit or by paying the sum for the use of the beneficiary either to a legal representative appointed by the court, or if none, to a relative or to an adult person with whom beneficiary is residing, who is believed to be reliable by trustee;

(w) To effect distribution of property and money in divided or undivided interests and to adjust resulting differences in valuation;

(x) To employ persons, including attorneys, auditors, investment advisors or agents, even if they are associated with the trustee, to advise or assist the trustee in the performance of his administrative duties; to act without independent investigation upon their recommendations; and instead of acting personally, to employ one or more agents to perform any act of administration, whether or not discretionary;

(y) To prosecute or defend actions, claims or proceedings for the protection of trust assets and of the trustee in the performance of his duties;

(z) To execute and deliver all instruments which will accomplish or facilitate the exercise of the powers vested in the trustee.

(4) If a trustee has determined that either (a) the market value of a trust is less than Twenty-five Thousand Dollars ($25,000.00) and that, in relation to the costs of administration of the trust, the continuance of the trust pursuant to its existing terms will defeat or substantially impair the accomplishment of the purposes of the trust; or (b) the trust no longer has a legitimate purpose or that its purpose is being thwarted with respect to any trust in any amount; then the trustee may seek court approval to terminate the trust and the court, in its discretion, may approve such termination. In such a case, the court may provide for the distribution of trust property, including principal and undistributed income, to the beneficiaries in a manner which conforms as nearly as possible to the intention of the settlor and the court shall make appropriate provisions for the appointment of a guardian in the case of a minor beneficiary.

SECTION 5. Section 93-13-15, Mississippi Code of 1972, is reenacted and amended as follows:

93-13-15. (1) (a) Every guardian of any ward heretofore or who may be hereafter appointed by any chancery court or chancery clerk whose act is approved by the chancery court, or by any chancellor, is in fact a general guardian to the extent of his appointment according to the terms of the order or decree of appointment, such as: guardian of the estate of the ward is the general guardian of the ward and his estate; the guardian of the person and estate of a ward is the general guardian of the person and estate of such ward; the guardian of the person only of a ward is the general guardian of the ward named.

(b) In addition to the rights and duties of the guardian contained in this chapter, he shall also have those rights, powers and remedies as set forth in Section 91-9-9. The provisions of this paragraph (b) shall stand repealed from and after July 1, 2002.

(2) All orders and decrees now or hereafter made in which the word "general" is not used in conjunction with the word "guardian" shall be construed and applied as if the word "general" had been used in conjunction with the word "guardian."

(3) After May 5, 1960, all orders or decrees appointing any guardian or ward shall designate such guardian as "general" guardian.

SECTION 6. Section 6, Chapter 589, Laws of 1994, is amended as follows:

Section 6. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage * * *.

SECTION 7. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after July 1, 1999.